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Purpose: Ramadan fasting in Muslims may contain several hours of abstaining from food and drinking in any kind. This can potentially increase the risk of urinary stone disease. Current literature on possible effects of Ramadan fasting on urolithiasis is rather limited. Previous studies have noted that fasting during Ramadan is safe for patients with chronic kidney disease, as well as renal transplant patients one year post-transplant. Their investigations revealed no evidence in favor of increased risk of stones formation during Ramadan fasting. In brief, there is still no strong evidence that reveals whether Ramadan fasting can induce renal stone formation in susceptible patients or not. However, after one year, if a patient exhibits good kidney function (CKD stage I to stage III), fasting does not disrupt their immunosuppressant medication schedule, and has maintained stable kidney function over the previous 3 months, they have the option to decide whether to fast during Ramadan. Fasting is considered as one of the most important practices of Islam, and according to Prophet Mohammad, fasting is obligatory upon Muslims. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of fasting on urinary stones. Fasting in Ramadan does not increase the risk for developing urinary stones compared to non-fasting months. However, fasting in Ramadan during the summer may increase the risk of developing ureter stones compared to fasting in Ramadan during the winter. Purpose: Ramadan fasting in Muslims may contain several hours of abstaining from food and drinking in any kind. This can potentially increase the risk of urinary stone disease. Current literature The impact of Ramadan fasting on the prevalence of renal colic (RC) remains controversial. This current study aimed to assess the correlation between Ramadan fasting, prevalence of RC and the rate of urgent endoscopic interventions due to urolithiasis. Fluid and diet restrictions during the month long intermittent Ramadan fast can influence the biochemical factors related to stone formation. Yet, studies on the effects of Ramadan fasting on the incidence of renal colic are scarce and have given variable and inconclusive results. “Ramadan Fasting and Urolithiasis” explores the potential impact of fasting during Ramadan on the occurrence and recurrence of kidney stones (urolithiasis). The review investigates the relationship between dehydration, dietary changes, and fasting practices during Ramadan and their effects on renal health, particularly regarding stone Main trend of the included studies is toward showing no difference between fasting and non-fasting conditions in terms of renal stone formation, however, generalization of the findings to greater populations should be applied carefully considering the heterogeneity of results and quality of studies. PURPOSE Ramadan fasting in Muslims may contain several hours of abstaining from food and REVIEW Ramadan Fasting and Kidney Stones: A Systematic Review Mohsen Amjadi1, Farzin Soleimanzadeh1*, Hamidreza Ghamatzadeh2, Sakineh Hajebrahimi3, Hossein Hosseinifard4, Hanieh Salehi Pourmehr3, Fateme Tahmasbi2 Purpose: Ramadan fasting in Muslims may contain several hours of abstaining from food and drinking in any kind. During Ramadan, patients with kidney stones can fast as long as they drink at least three liters of water per day. You can plan your water consumption throughout the day, including 0.5 liters of water with lemon juice before iftar (eating iftar after 15 minutes) and 2.5 liters of water between iftar and suhoor. Fasting for people living with kidney disease. Fasting is always a personal choice, but if you have kidney disease, it is vital that you talk to your kidney team before fasting. They can help you to better understand any risks to your health and to develop a plan to fast safely, if this is an option for you. Dehydration can have a negative impact on the kidneys, building up a waste and acids in the body, and potentially leading to kidney stones, urinary tract, kidney damage and disease if left untreated. Similarly, certain foods can put extra strain on the organs meaning that an appropriate diet is even more necessary while fasting. Does fasting in Ramadan increase the risk of developing urinary stones?. Saudi Med. J. 39 (5), 481–486 (2018). Article Google Scholar The hours spent on fasting can vary from a minimum of 12 hours, as in Australia, to a maximum of 21 hours, as in Sweden. Most countries have 11 to 16 hours of fasting on average. The main concern, especially when Ramadan falls in hot summer months, is the impact of fluid restriction and dehydration on renal disease patients during fasting hours. Fasting can induce a high risk of kidney stones because many people fail to hydrate their body well, by drinking enough water between Iftar and Suhoor. An increased number of attacks of kidney stones can occur during and immediately after Ramadan. A kidney stone pain starts at the back and radiates to the front of the tummy. REVIEW Ramadan Fasting and Kidney Stones: A Systematic Review Mohsen Amjadi1, Farzin Soleimanzadeh1*, Hamidreza Ghamatzadeh2, Sakineh Hajebrahimi3, Hossein Hosseinifard4, Hanieh Salehi Pourmehr3 Our main findings are that: recipients of kidney allograft can safely fast during Ramadan;evidences for safety in patients with nephrolithiasis and CKD are instead mixed and controversial. On the other hand,most studies have been carried out during Ramadan falling in cold seasons, and there is scarce information about Ramadan fasting in hot
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