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That is the basis for determining the beginning and end of Ramadan by the actual sighting of the new moon. The Islamic sharee’ah with which Allah sent our Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) is universal and everlasting, until the Day of Resurrection. Determining the beginning and the end of a new month through astronomical calculations is unfounded in the Qur'an and Sunnah. The standard in the shari'ah for discerning the beginning of a new month and the end of the last month is based on actual moonsighting. Referring to calculations of the lunar months to start and end periods of worship, instead of actually sighting the new moon, is a bid’ah (reprehensible innovation) that has no good in it and has no basis in sharee’ah. Some years ago, the ISNA made a decision to depend solely on astronomical calculations in deciding the beginning and end of lunar months, including Ramadan. They say that sighting the new moon by the human eyes is not an act of worship, but a means to know the beginning and end of lunar months. Whenever you sight the new moon (of the month of Ramadan) observe fast, and when you sight it (the new moon of Shawwal) break it, and if the sky is cloudy for you, then observe fast for thirty days. This is a very simple formula that Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) gave to his Ummah. In his paper An Islamic Legal Analysis of the Astronomical Determination of the Beginning of Ramadan Dr. Mukhtar Maghraoui succinctly does the following: 1-analyzes the various interpretations of the scriptural material pertinent to moon sighting; 2-analyzes the juridical arguments on moon-sighting; 3-and presents his own understanding of moon We can confirm that this day is “not” Ramadan, but we cannot act upon their calculation to confirm the start of the month. He cites as proof for this hadith, “If it is cloudy above you, then count it,” without any addition of the words “as thirty.” Thus it is clear that those who claim that our scholars say that it is haram to use modern equipment to sight the moon and say that it is obligatory to sight it with the naked eye are lying and making things up. In August 2006, the Fiqh Council of North America announced the exact date for the start of Ramadan based solely on astronomical calculations rather than actual sightings of the new moon. Many around the world protested the validity of such a decision. The debate over visual sighting versus astronomical calculations is not new. Sighting or Calculation? The proponents of determining the start of Ramadan purely by calculations offer two main arguments. First, the Hadith "Do not fast until you see the crescent-moon, and do not break the fast until you have seen the crescent moon, but if conditions are overcast for you then enumerate for it." In addition, using calculation instead of moon sighting is a major sin according to respected Ulama. This is what they say : This is what they say : When Allah declares that the Hilaal is a criteria for time, any deviation from that criteria is deviation from Qatiyyus Suboot and Qatiyyat ud Dalalah (express and explicit order of Shariah). Second, Allah (swt) has created the Moon, the Sun, the days and nights in order for us to learn the number of years and the accounting of time, as Allah (swt) says in Surat (17:12 (Al-Isra) and in Surat (36:37-41 (Yassin). Third, the same Hadith our scholars had used to support the moon sighting by visual actual Moon sighting. For while astronomical calculation provide a precise date and time of the birth of the new moon, sighting the Moon produces, even with the use of advanced telescopes, less accurate and reliable results. Yet the actual choice is not one in which we are asked to choose between astronomical calculation and moon sighting. Shaykh ul Islam Ibn Taymiyyah states:“The sighting [of the hilal] differs according to the difference in east and west. Undoubtedly, when it is sighted in th 3] The process of establishing and announcing the date ensures the communal objective of Ramadan. 4] As religious minorities without authorities (the Wild Wild West), each community will either: a) Go with local sighting b) Go with global sighting c) Follow astronomical calculations 5] Each of these methods has a basis within the four schools Therefore, based on rukyet-e-hilal (rukyatul hilal) or moon sighting practice, 1 Ramadan 1446 AH corresponds to 1 March 2025 CE. The tarawih prayer will start on the eve of Saturday (Friday night). The tarawih prayer will start on the eve of Saturday (Friday night). When it comes to the religious date of Ramadan, Saudi Arabia relies on Moon sightings. Optical aids are allowed but not mandatory. Every Muslim in Saudi Arabia can report a Moon sighting to the authorities. Additionally, there are several Moon-sighting committees consisting of Islamic scholars, astronomers, and volunteers. While trying to analyze the difference of opinion among the scholar on moon sightings, I came across the below Hadiths: Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: Observe fast on sighting it (the new moon) and break (fast) on sighting it (the new moon), but if the sky is cloudy for you, then complete the number (of thirty). With Ramadan approaching, we must learn how the month of Ramadan begins and is confirmed. The Hanafi scholars mention in their books that Ramadan may be confirmed in two ways. Moon Sighting Tradition. The first way is to see the new moon after sunset on the twenty-ninth day of Sha‘ban. Ramadan 1452 AH: The Astronomical New Moon (conjunction) is on Tuesday, December 24, 2030 at 17:32 Universal Time. On that day, the elongation is more than 8 degrees and moon is more than 5 degrees above the sun somewhere in the Pacific Ocean. Therefore, first day of Ramadan 1452 is on Wednesday, December 25, 2030, insha'Allah. Tarawih prayer
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